Best Pre Workout Supplements 2025: Top Formulas for Energy, Focus, and Performance
The latest pre-workout supplements of 2025 offer advanced formulations for energy, focus, and performance enhancement
Introduction: The Evolution of Pre-Workout Supplements in 2025
Pre-workout supplements have become an essential component in the fitness arsenal of serious athletes and casual gym-goers alike. These formulations are designed to enhance energy, focus, endurance, and performance during training sessions, allowing users to push harder and achieve better results. In 2025, the best pre workout supplements have evolved significantly, incorporating cutting-edge ingredients, improved formulations, and more targeted benefits.
The modern pre-workout landscape has moved beyond the one-size-fits-all approach of earlier generations, with products now tailored to specific training goals, experience levels, and individual sensitivities. From stimulant-free options focused on pump and blood flow to high-caffeine formulas designed for maximum energy and focus, today’s market offers unprecedented variety and specialization.
This comprehensive guide examines the top pre-workout supplements of 2025, analyzing their ingredients, effectiveness, side effects, and value propositions. Whether you’re looking for explosive energy, enhanced muscle pumps, improved endurance, or laser-like focus, our expert reviews will help you find the best pre workout supplements for your specific needs and preferences.
The Science of Pre-Workout Supplementation: 2025 Update
Recent research has refined our understanding of how pre-workout ingredients affect performance:
- Caffeine Timing: 2024-2025 studies have shown that individual caffeine metabolism significantly impacts optimal timing, with fast metabolizers benefiting from consumption 15-30 minutes pre-workout, while slow metabolizers may need 45-60 minutes for peak effects.
- Nitric Oxide Precursors: New research confirms that combining multiple pathways (L-citrulline, nitrates, and Agmatine) produces synergistic effects on blood flow and pump beyond what any single ingredient can deliver.
- Nootropic Stacking: Cognitive enhancement compounds like Alpha-GPC, Huperzine A, and Tyrosine show enhanced effects when combined, with 2025 studies demonstrating significant improvements in focus and mind-muscle connection during resistance training.
- Beta-Alanine Dosing: While still effective for endurance, newer research suggests daily consistent intake is more important than pre-workout timing for maximizing carnosine buffering capacity.
Key Ingredients in the Best Pre Workout Supplements 2025
Before diving into specific product recommendations, it’s essential to understand the core ingredients that make up effective pre-workout formulations and their specific benefits:
Energy and Focus Enhancers
These ingredients primarily target the central nervous system to increase alertness, focus, and perceived energy levels:
| Ingredient | Typical Dosage | Primary Benefits | Scientific Support |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caffeine Anhydrous | 150-350mg | Increased alertness, power output, and endurance; reduced perceived exertion | Strong |
| Theanine | 100-200mg | Smooths caffeine effects; reduces jitters while maintaining focus | Strong |
| Alpha-GPC | 300-600mg | Enhanced cognitive function and power output; increased acetylcholine production | Moderate |
| Tyrosine | 500-2000mg | Improved focus under stress; catecholamine precursor | Moderate |
| Taurine | 1-2g | Reduced oxidative stress; improved endurance and recovery | Moderate |
| Dynamine (Methylliberine) | 100-200mg | Fast-acting energy without jitters; synergistic with caffeine | Emerging |
Pump and Blood Flow Enhancers
These ingredients increase nitric oxide production or blood flow to working muscles, enhancing nutrient delivery and the “pump” sensation:
| Ingredient | Typical Dosage | Primary Benefits | Scientific Support |
|---|---|---|---|
| L-Citrulline | 6-8g | Increased nitric oxide production; enhanced blood flow and endurance | Strong |
| Citrulline Malate | 6-10g | Combined benefits of citrulline plus potential energy production from malate | Strong |
| Nitrosigine (Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate) | 1.5-2g | Sustained nitric oxide production; improved blood flow and cognitive function | Moderate |
| Betaine Nitrate | 1.5-3g | Dual benefits of nitrates for NO production and betaine for power output | Moderate |
| Glycerol (HydroMax or GlycerSize) | 1-3g | Enhanced cellular hydration; improved endurance and fullness | Moderate |
| S7™ (Blend of plant extracts) | 50-150mg | Increased nitric oxide production through novel pathway | Emerging |
Performance and Endurance Enhancers
These ingredients directly impact exercise capacity, power output, or recovery during training:
| Ingredient | Typical Dosage | Primary Benefits | Scientific Support |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta-Alanine | 3.2-6.4g | Increased carnosine levels; improved endurance in 1-4 minute range | Strong |
| Creatine Monohydrate | 3-5g | Increased ATP production; enhanced strength and power output | Strong |
| Betaine Anhydrous | 2.5g | Improved power output and work capacity; potential body composition benefits | Moderate |
| ElevATP | 150-300mg | Increased ATP production; improved power output | Emerging |
| Peak O2 (Cordyceps militaris extract) | 1-2g | Improved oxygen utilization; enhanced endurance and VO2 max | Emerging |
| Senactiv (Panax notoginseng and Rosa roxburghii) | 50mg | Enhanced muscle cell regeneration; improved endurance | Emerging |
Important Safety Considerations
While pre-workout supplements can enhance performance, they may not be appropriate for everyone. Consider these safety guidelines:
- Stimulant Sensitivity: Those with heart conditions, high blood pressure, or stimulant sensitivity should avoid high-caffeine formulas
- Medication Interactions: Certain ingredients may interact with medications; consult a healthcare provider if you’re on prescription drugs
- Tolerance Development: Regular use of stimulant-based pre-workouts can lead to tolerance; consider cycling or using non-stimulant alternatives periodically
- Timing Considerations: Using high-stimulant pre-workouts late in the day can interfere with sleep quality
- Hydration Needs: Many pre-workout ingredients increase water requirements; ensure adequate hydration
Best Overall Pre Workout Supplements 2025
These top-rated formulations offer balanced profiles suitable for most users, combining effective doses of key ingredients for comprehensive benefits:
1. Transparent Labs BULK Pre-Workout
Stimulant Level: Moderate (200mg caffeine per serving)
Transparent Labs continues to lead the industry with its fully disclosed, science-based formulations. The 2025 version of BULK features clinical doses of key ingredients without proprietary blends, artificial sweeteners, or unnecessary fillers.
Pros:
- Fully disclosed formula with clinical dosages
- Excellent 2:1 ratio of L-Theanine (360mg) to Caffeine (180mg)
- Contains 6g Citrulline Malate for superior pumps
- Includes 3.2g Beta-Alanine for endurance
- Natural flavoring and sweetening
- Third-party tested for purity and potency
Cons:
- Premium pricing ($49.99 for 30 servings)
- Beta-alanine tingles may be uncomfortable for some users
- Limited flavor options compared to competitors
Forbes’ May 2025 review states: “Transparent Labs BULK Pre-Workout stands out for its honest approach to formulation, providing clinical doses of proven ingredients without hiding behind proprietary blends. The balanced stimulant profile delivers clean energy without the crash, while the pump ingredients produce noticeable vascularity and muscle fullness.”
2. Gorilla Mode Pre-Workout
Stimulant Level: High (350mg caffeine per serving)
Gorilla Mind’s flagship pre-workout continues to set the standard for maximum-dosed formulations in 2025. This comprehensive formula targets all aspects of performance with clinical (and often supra-clinical) dosages of key ingredients.
Pros:
- Massive 9g L-Citrulline per serving for exceptional pumps
- Includes both GlycerPump and Agmatine for multi-pathway pump enhancement
- Comprehensive nootropic blend with Tyrosine, Kanna, and Huperzine A
- Contains 5g Creatine Monohydrate (eliminating need for separate supplementation)
- Excellent value at $2.00 per maximum-dosed serving
Cons:
- High stimulant content may be too intense for beginners or stimulant-sensitive individuals
- Full serving requires mixing with 12-16oz water (large volume)
- Some users report digestive discomfort from the high ingredient doses
Men’s Journal’s March 2025 review notes: “Gorilla Mode remains the gold standard for those seeking maximum ingredient doses and effects. The formula is essentially a combination of multiple supplements in one, providing clinical doses of pump enhancers, nootropics, and performance boosters that would cost significantly more if purchased separately.”
3. Kaged Pre-Kaged Elite
Stimulant Level: Moderate (274mg caffeine per serving)
Kaged’s premium pre-workout offering has been refined for 2025, featuring a comprehensive formula with patented ingredients and an emphasis on clean, sustained energy without crashes.
Pros:
- Uses PurCaf® organic caffeine with sustained release technology
- Contains 6.5g fermented L-Citrulline for superior bioavailability
- Includes patented ingredients like Senactiv® and S7™
- Comprehensive electrolyte blend enhances hydration
- Third-party tested and Informed Sport certified (banned substance free)
- Natural flavors and colors
Cons:
- Premium price point ($54.99 for 20 servings)
- Complex flavor profile may not appeal to all users
- Large serving size requires significant water to mix properly
Garage Gym Reviews’ 2025 testing concluded: “Pre-Kaged Elite delivers a premium experience from mixing to performance effects. The sustained-release caffeine system provides smooth energy without the typical pre-workout crash, while the clinical doses of pump and performance ingredients produce noticeable effects from the first use.”
Best High-Stim Pre Workout Supplements 2025
For experienced users seeking maximum energy and focus, these high-stimulant best pre workout supplements deliver intense effects:
1. Psycho Pharma Edge of Insanity
Stimulant Level: Extreme (400mg+ caffeine equivalent per serving)
Living up to its name, Edge of Insanity remains one of the most potent stimulant-based pre-workouts available in 2025. This formula is designed for experienced users with high stimulant tolerance seeking maximum energy and focus.
Pros:
- Exceptional energy and focus that lasts 4-6 hours
- Contains multiple stimulants for varied CNS effects
- Includes mood-enhancing compounds for euphoric training experience
- No crash reported by many users despite high stimulant content
- Effective at half-doses for those seeking less intense effects
Cons:
- Too intense for stimulant-sensitive individuals or beginners
- May cause anxiety, jitters, or sleep disturbances in sensitive users
- Pump ingredients underdosed compared to stimulant content
- Not suitable for evening training sessions
Globe Newswire’s May 2025 review states: “Edge of Insanity continues to set the standard for high-stimulant pre-workouts, delivering tunnel-vision focus and explosive energy that hardcore gym-goers crave. The multi-faceted stimulant blend provides a unique experience that goes beyond what caffeine alone can deliver.”
2. ASC Supplements El Jefe
Stimulant Level: Extreme (400mg+ caffeine equivalent per serving)
El Jefe has built a cult following among hardcore stimulant enthusiasts, and the 2025 version continues this tradition with a comprehensive blend of stimulants, nootropics, and pump ingredients.
Pros:
- Intense, long-lasting energy and focus (5+ hours)
- Includes mood-elevating compounds for euphoric effects
- Better pump ingredients than most high-stim formulas
- Half-scoop option effective for most users
- Unique flavor options
Cons:
- Extremely potent – not for beginners or stimulant-sensitive individuals
- May cause significant side effects in sensitive users
- Limited availability due to high demand
- Premium pricing ($59.99 for 30 servings)
Elite Supplements’ 2025 analysis notes: “El Jefe delivers an unmatched high-stimulant experience that combines intense energy with euphoric focus. Unlike many competitors that sacrifice pump ingredients for stimulants, El Jefe manages to deliver on both fronts, though the stimulant effects clearly take center stage.”
3. Faction Labs Disorder
Stimulant Level: Extreme (350mg+ caffeine equivalent per serving)
Australia’s Faction Labs has gained international recognition with Disorder, a high-stimulant pre-workout that combines energy, focus, and mood elevation in a comprehensive formula.
Pros:
- Rapid onset of effects (15-20 minutes)
- Excellent focus and mood elevation
- Includes nootropics for mind-muscle connection
- Unique flavor profiles unlike typical pre-workouts
- Effective at partial doses for less intense effects
Cons:
- Too intense for beginners or stimulant-sensitive individuals
- Limited availability in some regions
- Premium pricing
- Pump ingredients underdosed compared to stimulant content
Elite Supplements’ 2025 review states: “Disorder is often viewed as an ‘experience’ as much as a pre-workout, delivering a unique combination of energy, focus, and euphoria that creates memorable training sessions. The stimulant blend is carefully crafted to provide intensity without the harsh side effects common in other high-stim products.”
Best Pump-Focused Pre Workout Supplements 2025
For those prioritizing muscle fullness, vascularity, and blood flow over stimulant effects, these best pre workout supplements deliver exceptional pumps:
1. Huge Supplements Wrecked Pump
Stimulant Level: None (Stimulant-Free)
Huge Supplements has created the definitive pump-focused pre-workout with Wrecked Pump, featuring a comprehensive blend of blood flow enhancers working through multiple pathways.
Pros:
- Massive 10g L-Citrulline per serving
- Includes multiple pump enhancers (Glycerol, Nitrosigine, Agmatine, VasoDrive-AP)
- Can be stacked with stimulant pre-workouts or used alone
- Suitable for evening training sessions
- Excellent for those sensitive to stimulants
Cons:
- Premium pricing ($54.99 for 25 servings)
- Large serving size requires significant water
- No performance or focus ingredients
Fitness Volt’s April 2025 review notes: “Wrecked Pump delivers on its promise with skin-splitting pumps that last throughout the entire workout. The multi-pathway approach to nitric oxide production creates a synergistic effect that exceeds what any single pump ingredient could deliver, resulting in visible vascularity and muscle fullness from the first use.”
2. Primeval Labs Vasogorge
Stimulant Level: None (Stimulant-Free)
Primeval Labs has refined their pump formula for 2025, creating a comprehensive stimulant-free option that delivers exceptional blood flow enhancement through multiple mechanisms.
Pros:
- Contains 8g L-Citrulline for nitric oxide production
- Includes 3g GlycerSize (65% Glycerol) for cellular hydration
- Features S7™ blend for enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability
- Can be stacked with stimulant pre-workouts
- Excellent mixability and flavor options
Cons:
- Mid-range pricing ($44.99 for 20 servings)
- Limited availability in some regions
- No performance or focus ingredients
PricePlow’s March 2025 analysis states: “Vasogorge represents the evolution of pump-focused pre-workouts, combining traditional nitric oxide boosters with cutting-edge ingredients like S7™ that enhance the body’s natural NO production. The result is a comprehensive formula that delivers visible vascularity and muscle fullness without any stimulants.”
3. Axe & Sledge Hydraulic
Stimulant Level: None (Stimulant-Free)
Seth Feroce’s Axe & Sledge continues to refine their popular stimulant-free pre-workout, with the 2025 version of Hydraulic featuring enhanced pump ingredients and improved flavoring.
Pros:
- Contains 4g L-Citrulline plus 1.5g Nitrosigine
- Includes 2g GlycerPump for cellular hydration
- Features performance enhancers like Betaine and Taurine
- Excellent flavor options
- Good value at $39.99 for 25 servings
Cons:
- Lower citrulline dose than top competitors
- Some users report needing 1.5 scoops for maximum effects
- Limited availability in some regions
Fitness Deal News’ February 2025 review highlights: “Hydraulic delivers impressive pumps without the jitters, crashes, or sleep disruption of stimulant-based products. The formula is particularly effective for those who train later in the day or who are sensitive to caffeine, providing noticeable muscle fullness and vascularity that lasts throughout the workout.”
Best Pre Workout Supplements for Beginners 2025
For those new to pre-workout supplements or sensitive to stimulants, these best pre workout supplements offer balanced formulations with moderate dosing:
1. CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout
Stimulant Level: Low-Moderate (150mg caffeine per serving)
Chris Bumstead’s signature pre-workout has been refined for 2025, offering a balanced formula suitable for beginners while still delivering noticeable effects.
Pros:
- Moderate caffeine content suitable for stimulant-sensitive users
- Includes L-Theanine to smooth caffeine effects
- Contains 4g L-Citrulline for pump effects
- No beta-alanine (no tingles)
- Excellent flavor options
- Good value at $44.99 for 30 servings
Cons:
- Some ingredients slightly underdosed compared to premium options
- May be insufficient for those with high stimulant tolerance
- Limited availability during peak demand periods
Men’s Journal’s March 2025 review states: “CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout offers an ideal entry point for beginners, delivering noticeable energy and pump effects without the overwhelming intensity of higher-stimulant options. The balanced formula and absence of beta-alanine tingles make it particularly suitable for those new to pre-workout supplements.”
2. Ghost Legend V3
Stimulant Level: Moderate (175mg caffeine per serving)
Ghost’s third version of their flagship pre-workout continues to balance effectiveness with accessibility, making it an excellent option for beginners and intermediate users alike.
Pros:
- Transparent label with clinical doses of key ingredients
- Moderate caffeine content with L-Theanine for smooth energy
- Includes 4g L-Citrulline for pump effects
- Industry-leading flavor collaborations (Sour Patch Kids, Warheads, etc.)
- Half-scoop option effective for beginners
Cons:
- Beta-alanine tingles may be uncomfortable for some users
- Premium pricing ($44.99 for 25 servings)
- Some users report flavor fatigue with candy collaborations
Men’s Health UK’s February 2025 review notes: “Ghost Legend V3 strikes an excellent balance between effectiveness and accessibility, delivering noticeable energy and performance benefits without overwhelming new users. The legendary flavor system makes it one of the most enjoyable pre-workouts to consume, removing a common barrier for beginners.”
3. Optimum Nutrition Pre-Workout Shot
Stimulant Level: Moderate (175mg caffeine per serving)
Optimum Nutrition’s ready-to-drink pre-workout shot offers convenience and accessibility for beginners, with a balanced formula that delivers moderate energy and focus.
Pros:
- Extremely convenient ready-to-drink format
- No mixing required
- Moderate caffeine content suitable for beginners
- Contains 2g beta-alanine (reduced tingles compared to full dose)
- Widely available in retail locations
Cons:
- Limited ingredient doses due to RTD format
- Higher cost per serving than powder alternatives
- Less customizable than powder options
- Environmental concerns with single-use packaging
Men’s Health UK’s February 2025 review highlights: “Optimum Nutrition’s Pre-Workout Shot removes the barriers of measuring and mixing, making it an ideal entry point for beginners. While the ingredient doses are necessarily limited by the RTD format, the formula delivers noticeable energy and focus that will satisfy most new users.”
Comparison of Pre-Workout Categories
When selecting among the best pre workout supplements, consider how different categories compare across key variables:
| Category | Stimulant Content | Pump Ingredients | Best For | Typical Price Range | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-Around | Moderate | Moderate-High | Most users | $40-55 for 20-30 servings | Balance of energy, pump, and performance |
| High-Stimulant | High-Extreme | Low-Moderate | Experienced users, morning training | $45-60 for 20-30 servings | Intense energy and focus, potential side effects |
| Pump-Focused | None | High | Stimulant-sensitive, evening training | $40-55 for 20-25 servings | Blood flow enhancement, stackable with stimulants |
| Beginner-Friendly | Low-Moderate | Moderate | New users, stimulant-sensitive | $35-45 for 25-30 servings | Balanced effects, reduced side effects |
| Ready-to-Drink | Low-Moderate | Low | Convenience-focused users | $3-5 per serving | Convenience, limited ingredient doses |
How to Choose the Right Pre-Workout Supplement
Selecting the best pre workout supplement for your specific needs involves considering several key factors:
Assess Your Stimulant Tolerance
Stimulant sensitivity varies significantly between individuals. Consider your experience with caffeine and other stimulants:
- Low Tolerance: Choose products with 100-150mg caffeine or stimulant-free options
- Moderate Tolerance: 150-250mg caffeine is typically suitable
- High Tolerance: 250-350mg caffeine may be appropriate
- Very High Tolerance: High-stimulant options with 350mg+ caffeine equivalent
Remember that tolerance develops over time, and cycling off stimulants periodically can help maintain sensitivity.
Consider Your Training Goals
Different pre-workout formulations excel at supporting specific training objectives:
- Strength Training: Look for products with creatine, betaine, and moderate caffeine
- Hypertrophy Focus: Prioritize pump ingredients like citrulline, nitrates, and glycerol
- Endurance Training: Beta-alanine, electrolytes, and moderate caffeine are beneficial
- Fat Loss Training: Thermogenic ingredients and appetite suppressants may be helpful
- Focus-Intensive Training: Nootropic ingredients like Alpha-GPC, Tyrosine, and Huperzine A
Evaluate Ingredient Quality and Dosing
The effectiveness of any pre-workout depends largely on ingredient quality and dosing:
- Transparent Labels: Prefer products that fully disclose all ingredient amounts
- Clinical Dosing: Look for ingredients dosed according to scientific research
- Quality Forms: Patented or trademarked ingredients often offer superior bioavailability
- Avoid Proprietary Blends: These mask actual ingredient amounts and often indicate underdosing
- Third-Party Testing: Certifications from organizations like Informed Sport or NSF ensure purity
Consider Timing and Frequency
When and how often you train should influence your pre-workout selection:
- Morning Training: Standard stimulant-based options are generally appropriate
- Evening Training: Consider stimulant-free or low-stimulant options to avoid sleep disruption
- Multiple Daily Sessions: Use stimulant options sparingly to prevent tolerance
- Infrequent Training: Higher stimulant options may be suitable as tolerance develops more slowly
- Daily Training: Consider cycling between stimulant and non-stimulant options
Expert Recommendation: Start Conservative
When trying a new pre-workout supplement, always start with a reduced dose (½ to ⅔ of a full serving) to assess your individual response. This is particularly important with high-stimulant formulations, which can cause significant side effects in sensitive individuals. You can always increase the dose in subsequent sessions if needed, but starting too high may result in an uncomfortable or counterproductive experience.
Pre-Workout Supplement Trends for 2025
The pre-workout category continues to evolve, with several notable trends emerging in 2025:
Nootropic-Enhanced Formulations
Cognitive enhancement has become a major focus in newer pre-workout formulations, with ingredients specifically targeting focus, mind-muscle connection, and mental performance. Advanced nootropic stacks combining Alpha-GPC, Tyrosine, Huperzine A, and novel compounds like Cognizin® are increasingly common in premium products.
Personalized Pre-Workout Systems
Several brands have introduced modular pre-workout systems that allow users to customize their formula based on individual needs and preferences. These typically include a base product with separate stimulant, pump, and nootropic “boosters” that can be added according to training goals, time of day, and personal response.
Natural Energy Alternatives
As concerns about artificial ingredients and stimulant dependence grow, more companies are developing natural energy alternatives. Ingredients like TeaCrine®, Dynamine™, and PurEnergy™ (a caffeine-pterostilbene co-crystal) provide smoother, longer-lasting energy without the crash associated with high caffeine doses.
Recovery-Enhanced Pre-Workouts
The line between pre-workout and intra-workout supplements continues to blur, with more products incorporating ingredients that support recovery during training. Essential amino acids, electrolytes, and compounds like Senactiv® that promote muscle cell regeneration are increasingly common in comprehensive formulations.
Sustainable and Clean Label Products
Consumer demand for environmentally responsible and “clean” products has driven the development of pre-workouts with sustainable sourcing, biodegradable packaging, and natural ingredients. Plant-based colorings, natural sweeteners, and organic certifications are becoming important differentiators in the premium segment.
Conclusion: Finding Your Perfect Pre-Workout Match
After extensive testing and analysis, our top recommendations for best pre workout supplements in 2025 are:
- Best Overall: Transparent Labs BULK Pre-Workout – For its balanced formula, clinical dosing, and clean ingredients
- Best High-Stimulant: Psycho Pharma Edge of Insanity – For those seeking maximum energy and focus
- Best Pump Formula: Huge Supplements Wrecked Pump – For exceptional blood flow enhancement without stimulants
- Best for Beginners: CBUM Thavage Pre-Workout – For its accessible formula and smooth energy
- Best Value: Gorilla Mode – For its comprehensive formula with clinical doses of multiple ingredient categories
The ideal pre-workout supplement ultimately depends on your specific goals, preferences, stimulant tolerance, and individual response. By considering the factors outlined in this guide and matching them to your personal needs, you can select a product that enhances your training experience and helps you achieve better results.
Remember that even the best pre workout supplements are just one component of a comprehensive approach to fitness. Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, consistent training, and appropriate recovery are all essential factors that work synergistically with supplements to optimize performance and results.
Important Safety Reminder
Pre-workout supplements, particularly those with high stimulant content, are not appropriate for everyone. Consult with a healthcare provider before using pre-workout supplements if you:
- Have cardiovascular conditions, including high blood pressure
- Take prescription medications that may interact with stimulants
- Have a history of adverse reactions to caffeine or other stimulants
- Are pregnant or nursing
- Are under 18 years of age
- Have anxiety disorders or sleep disturbances
References
- GQ. (2025, May 15). The Best Pre-Workout Powders, According to Gym Rats. Retrieved from https://www.gq.com/story/best-pre-workout
- Forbes. (2025, May 9). The Best Pre-Workouts Of 2025, Plus Expert Tips To Pick The Right Blend. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbes-personal-shopper/article/best-pre-workout/
- Garage Gym Reviews. (2025). Best Pre-Workout of 2025: Tested by Experts. Retrieved from https://www.garagegymreviews.com/best-pre-workout
- Men’s Health UK. (2025, February 21). 7 Best Pre-Workout Supplements 2025. Retrieved from https://www.menshealth.com/uk/nutrition/a26075019/pre-workout-complete-guide/
- Globe Newswire. (2025, May 4). Best High Stim Pre-Workout: Top 3 Strongest Picks Of 2025. Retrieved from https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/05/04/3073731/0/en/Best-High-Stim-Pre-Workout-Top-3-Strongest-Picks-Of-2025.html
- Men’s Journal. (2025, March 6). Best Pre-Workout Supplements of 2025, Tested and Reviewed. Retrieved from https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/best-pre-workout
- Bella, Y. F., et al. (2025). Pre-Workout Supplements and Their Effects on Performance: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(4), 112.
- Harty, P. S., et al. (2018). Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 41.
